Your Complete Guide to Safe Towing in South Africa
Master safe towing in South Africa with our complete guide. Learn about weight limits, speed restrictions, driving tips, equipment essentials and more…
Nothing beats the freedom of hitching up your boat, caravan, or trailer and heading off on an adventure. But here’s the reality check – that weekend getaway can quickly become a nightmare if you’re not ready for safe towing.
We’ve all seen it: the guy wrestling with a swaying trailer on the N1, or the family stranded on the Karoo highway with an overheated bakkie. The difference between a memorable trip and a disaster often comes down to preparation and knowledge.
This guide cuts through the confusion and gives you everything you need to tow safely and confidently on South Africa’s extensive road network.
See also: Car Maintenance Checks to Perform on Your Car

Understanding Towing Basics
Towing Capacity Explained
Your vehicle’s towing capacity represents the maximum weight it can safely pull without compromising performance or safety. This figure accounts for your engine’s power, transmission strength, cooling system capacity, and braking ability. Exceeding this limit can cause transmission damage, engine overheating, or complete brake failure.
Finding your towing capacity requires checking your vehicle’s handbook or contacting the manufacturer directly. The figure is typically listed in kilograms and may vary depending on your vehicle’s specific engine and transmission combination. Some manufacturers provide different ratings for braked and unbraked trailers, with braked trailers allowing significantly higher weights.
Term | Definition | How It Relates to Towing |
Gross Vehicle Mass (GVM) | Maximum allowed weight of the fully loaded tow vehicle (vehicle + passengers + cargo + fuel) | Limits how much total weight your vehicle can safely carry, including the trailer’s tongue weight |
Gross Trailer Mass (GTM) | Weight of the trailer plus its load pressing down on the tow vehicle’s hitch (tongue weight) | Must be within the tow vehicle and towbar’s rated limits to avoid sway and maintain control |
Gross Combination Mass (GCM) | Combined maximum weight of the fully loaded tow vehicle plus the fully loaded trailer | Must not be exceeded to ensure safe braking, handling, and structural integrity |
Towing Capacity | Maximum weight your vehicle can safely tow, as specified by the manufacturer | Should never be exceeded; includes trailer weight plus cargo |
Tongue Weight (TW) | Downward force the trailer hitch exerts on the tow vehicle’s hitch ball (usually 10-15% of trailer weight) | Proper tongue weight ensures trailer stability and prevents sway |

What is Tongue Weight?
Tongue weight refers to the downward force your trailer exerts on your vehicle’s hitch ball. For conventional trailers, this weight should typically represent 10-15% of your total trailer weight to maintain proper balance and steering control. In the case of gooseneck or 5th-wheel trailers, the tongue weight can be higher, usually between 15% and 30% of the trailer’s total weight.
Maintaining the correct tongue weight is essential for safe towing, as it helps prevent trailer sway and ensures stable handling on the road.
Define GTM and ATM
Gross Trailer Mass (GTM) represents your trailer’s maximum loaded weight, including the trailer itself and all cargo on it. Aggregate Trailer Mass (ATM) includes the GTM plus any additional weight transferred to your towing vehicle through the hitch connection.
Weight Limits and Legal Requirements
South African law regulates trailer dimensions and weights to ensure road safety. Standard trailers are limited to a maximum width of 2.6 meters and a maximum length of 12.5 meters.
Without special permits, exceeding these dimensions is prohibited. Weight restrictions depend on the driver’s license code, with specific limits on Gross Vehicle Mass (GVM) and Gross Combination Mass (GCM) for different vehicle and trailer combinations.
Understanding these legal requirements protects you from fines and liability issues. Local traffic authorities can weigh your combination at roadside checkpoints, and penalties for overloading can be severe. Always verify current regulations through official channels, as requirements change periodically.

Safe Towing Speed
South African law imposes specific speed restrictions for towing combinations that differ from standard vehicle limits. Vehicles exceeding 3 500 kg GVM or GCM must observe a maximum speed of 100 kph, even on freeways, where other traffic may travel at 120 kph. This reduced limit acknowledges the additional stopping distances and handling challenges associated with heavier combinations.
Safety experts recommend maintaining speeds between 80 and 90 kph for optimal control, regardless of legal limits. Higher speeds dramatically increase fuel consumption, with towing at 100 kph using approximately 30% more fuel than maintaining 80 kph. This speed reduction also provides better reaction time for unexpected situations and reduces stress on your towing equipment.

How to Tow Heavy Loads Safely
With towing fundamentals and legal requirements out of the way, it’s time to consider their practical application. Safe towing isn’t about luck – it’s about following proven procedures that keep you and other road users protected.
Pre-Towing Checks
Always verify your vehicle and trailer weight limits before loading. Weigh your loaded trailer at a certified scale, as estimating cargo weight often leads to dangerous overloading. Check your towbar rating independently, as it may be lower than your vehicle’s maximum towing capacity.
Inspect trailer lights, brakes, and tyres before every trip. Trailer tyres age differently from regular tyres due to extended storage periods and load cycling. Check tyre pressure when cold, as trailer tyres often require higher pressures than passenger car tyres to handle their load ratings safely.

Loading the Trailer Correctly
Weight distribution affects handling more than total weight in many situations. Place heavy items low and forward in the trailer to maintain proper tongue weight and centre of gravity. Avoid concentrating weight at the rear, which can cause dangerous oscillations at highway speeds.
Secure all cargo with appropriate tie-downs rated for the loads they’re restraining. Cargo can shift dramatically during emergency manoeuvres, potentially causing loss of control or trailer rollover. Use multiple attachment points and inspect tie-downs regularly during long trips.
See also: Tyre Maintenance Tips
Driving Tips While Towing
- Maintain larger following distances to account for increased braking requirements
- Accelerate gradually to avoid excessive stress on your vehicle’s powertrain
- Use lower gears on steep grades to maintain engine braking capability
- Take wider turns to prevent trailer wheels from cutting corners
- Monitor trailer behaviour through mirrors and respond immediately to any swaying
Trailer sway correction requires specific techniques that differ from normal driving responses. Gradually reduce speed without applying brakes if possible, as braking can worsen sway conditions. Manual trailer brake controllers allow you to apply the trailer’s brakes independently, often stopping sway effectively.

Using Technology and Accessories for Safe Towing
Modern trailer brake controllers integrate seamlessly with your vehicle’s systems, providing proportional braking that feels natural. These systems automatically adjust braking force based on deceleration demands, reducing wear and improving safety. Some advanced systems include gain adjustment for different trailer weights.
Tow-assist camera systems (shown above) eliminate traditional blind spots and simplify backing manoeuvres. Multiple camera angles help position trailers precisely, while some systems provide projected path guidance for complex backing situations (see below).

Commonly Asked Questions About Towing
What happens if I exceed my vehicle’s towing capacity? Exceeding towing capacity can cause transmission overheating, engine damage, brake failure, or suspension problems. Insurance companies may deny claims for accidents involving overloaded vehicles, leaving you financially responsible for damages.
How do I know if my towbar is rated for my trailer? Check the towbar’s rating plate, which should specify maximum tongue weight and total towing capacity. These figures must equal or exceed your trailer’s requirements. Professional installation ensures proper rating and legal compliance.

Can I tow with a passenger car, or is a truck/SUV necessary? Many passenger cars can tow light trailers safely within their rated capacities. However, trucks and SUVs generally offer higher capacities, better stability, and superior cooling systems for sustained towing operations.
How often should I maintain my towing equipment? Inspect hitches, electrical connections, and safety chains before each use. Professional servicing should occur annually or every 20 000 km, whichever comes 1st. Trailer bearings require regular greasing according to the manufacturer’s specifications.
Are there special licenses or permits required for towing heavy loads in South Africa? Standard licenses cover most recreational towing situations. Commercial operators or exceptionally heavy loads may require special permits or upgraded licenses. Consult local traffic authorities for specific requirements.

Towing License Requirements
License Code | Vehicle and Trailer Types Allowed | Trailer Gross Vehicle Mass (GVM) Limits | Additional Notes |
B | Light motor vehicles (up to 3 500 kg GVM) | Trailer up to 750 kg GVM (unbraked trailers must be less than 50% of the towing vehicle’s tare mass) | Suitable for towing small trailers without independent brakes |
EB | Vehicles allowed by Code B plus trailers | Trailer up to 3 500 kg GVM (must not exceed towing vehicle’s tare mass) | Required for towing heavier braked trailers; max 2 trailers allowed if combined GVM ≤ towing vehicle’s tare mass and ≤ 3,500 kg |
EC1 | Medium vehicles (3 500 kg to 16 000 kg GVM) plus trailers | Trailer over 750 kg GVM | Allows towing heavier trailers with appropriate braking systems |
EC | Heavy vehicles (over 16 000 kg GVM) plus trailers | Trailer over 750 kg GVM | For towing very heavy trailers; requires advanced vehicle and trailer braking systems |
Key Points:
- Unbraked trailers must be less than 750 kg and less than 50% of the towing vehicle’s tare mass to be towed legally with a Code B license.
- Braked trailers up to 3 500 kg GVM can be towed with an EB license, provided the trailer’s GVM does not exceed the towing vehicle’s tare mass.
- The combined length of the tow vehicle and trailers must be less than 22 meters.
- Both trailers must have independent braking systems if the combined GVM exceeds 750 kg.
- License upgrades require passing the learner’s test and practical driving test with a suitable tow vehicle and trailer.

Additional Practical Tips
Long-distance towing requires extra preparation beyond local trips. Plan routes to avoid steep grades where possible, and identify service stations with trailer-friendly layouts. Carry spare trailer parts, including lights, fuses, and a tyre repair kit designed for trailer tyres.
Weather conditions dramatically affect towing safety. Crosswinds can destabilise trailers, while rain reduces braking effectiveness and visibility. Reduce speed significantly in adverse conditions, and consider postponing trips during severe weather warnings.
Emergency procedures can prevent minor incidents from becoming major disasters. If your trailer begins swaying, resist the urge to steer aggressively or brake hard. Instead, lift off the accelerator pedal gradually and allow the combination to slow naturally while maintaining straight steering inputs.
See also: Driving tips to improve fuel efficiency

Safe Towing Starts With Knowledge
Understanding your limits and respecting your equipment form the foundation of safe towing. Every vehicle and trailer combination behaves differently, so start with light loads and familiar routes before attempting challenging towing situations.
Regular maintenance and proper preparation prevent most towing problems before they occur. Invest in quality equipment rated for your specific needs, and don’t hesitate to consult professionals for complex installations or unusual requirements.
Explore Cars.co.za’s extensive inventory to find the perfect towing vehicle for your adventures. Our detailed specifications and expert reviews help you make informed decisions based on your specific towing requirements and budget considerations.
Find a new/used vehicle listed for sale on Cars.co.za