Air-cooled Porsche 911 Turbos: Classic Comparison
We drive the Porsche 911 (930) Turbo – nicknamed “The widowmaker 911” – and its 2 (also air-cooled) successors: the 964 and 993. Most 911s are turbocharged these days, but the 911 Turbo owes much of its mythic status to these visceral sportscars.
Behold the unmistakable sight of widened arches, huge Fuchs wheels and that iconic whaletail… These are the unforgettable characteristics of the original air-cooled 911 Turbo, released 51 years ago in 1974.
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Aside from incorporating these (now traditional) cosmetic upgrades over a standard 911, the Turbo set a new performance benchmark in the ’70s – not only for Porsche, but the automotive industry as a whole.
The introduction of the Type-930 911 heralded a new dawn for everyday performance cars, and its Turbo variant – Porsche’s quickest production car at the time – quickly gained a fanatical following. Subsequent iterations of the 911 Turbo may have offered more power and gadgetry, but air-cooled 911 Turbos carry a reputation for being largely unmatched in terms of delivering a memorable driver experience.
Do they live up to that reputation today? Well, we gathered a trio of stunning examples for a test drive in the Winelands to find out.
When the 1st deliveries of the Porsche 911 (930) Turbo began in the spring of 1975, the automotive industry was enduring a challenging time. It was only a year after the OPEC oil crisis, which added to the misery in the stock markets, which were in the midst of a 2-year crash cycle…
But the world had to take notice when Porsche unveiled the original 911 (930) Turbo at the 1974 Paris Motor Show! The 1st forced induction 911 attracted international attention as 1 of the fastest cars of the time; moreover, it was undoubtedly one of the Zuffenhausen-based brand’s most luxurious cars to date.
The idea (at the time) was to produce a limited run of only 1 000 Turbo units, but demand surpassed Porsche’s rather conservative expectations and 2 876 of the first 3.0-litre-engined cars were sold.
It is widely reported that Porsche opted to implement forced-induction technology in the 911 range because its turbocharged flat-12 cylinder engine had proved successful in the 1972 and 1973 Can-Am championships. However, this doesn’t tell the full story – if anything, it merely scratches the surface.
As early as 1969, Porsche had trialled turbocharging on the Type-901 2.0-litre engine, but it paused development after declaring the tech too advanced for series production. After resuming development a few years later, a 3.0-litre flat-6 turbopetrol engine (derived from the Carrera RS) was fitted to the 911.
Porsche 911 (930) Turbo
This black 911 (930) Turbo is powered by the 3.3-litre version of that motor, of which production began in late 1977. It is remarkable how the interior of the 2nd iteration of the 1st air-cooled Porsche 911 Turbo has withstood the test of time – although there are a few rattles, it still feels solid for a car of its age.
Specifications:
- Model: 1980 Porsche 911 (930) Turbo
- Engine: 3.3-litre flat-6 turbopetrol
- Power: 221 kW at 5 500 rpm
- Torque: 440 Nm at 4 400 rpm
- Transmission: 4-speed manual, RWD
- Weight: 1 335 kg
- 0-100 kph: 5.4 sec (claimed)
- Top Speed: 260 kph (claimed)
Luxury items at the time included electric windows, an electric sunroof, aircon and a radio/cassette deck. You can also appreciate the iconic flat dashboard with its lower step, an interior characteristic that has changed little across the 20-year timespan of the air-cooled Porsche 911 Turbo models in this trio.
If you consider that this car was produced in 1980, it still feels incredibly quick by modern standards. Weighing 135 kg less than the 911 (964) Turbo, 0-100 kph is dispatched in a very respectable 5,4 sec. Owing to the 4-speed gearbox on this specific model, each gear is longer than those in the 964 and 993.
Unsurprisingly, the 930’s engine exhibits a significant turbo lag. If peak torque arrives mid-corner (if you misjudge your throttle input when accelerating out of a bend), the car will oversteer quickly and sharply (with a glint in his eye, the car’s owner admitted it happened to him during the previous night’s drive).
Therefore, a 911 (930) Turbo pilot always needs to anticipate the boost from the single turbocharger – it’s a part of a game you will need to play to master the car and its rather eccentric acceleration.
The ferocity of the on-boost acceleration, however, more than makes up for the much-talked-about lag; the 1st-gen 911 Turbo serves up a physical driving experience that modern cars can’t match. Unfettered by the driver aids fitted to later models, the “raw” 930 is the iconic Porsche 911 Turbo, warts and all.
964-series 911 Turbo
Porsche reintroduced the Type-964 911 Turbo in December 1990. Featuring a 930-esque wide-bodied version of the standard 964-series model, Porsche initially opted to tweak the Type 930/68 unit with a larger intercooler rather than develop a new engine, which upped the power slightly to 235 kW.
Specifications:
- Model: 1993 Porsche 911 (964) Turbo
- Engine: 3.6-litre flat-6 turbopetrol
- Power: 265 kW at 5 500 rpm
- Torque: 540 Nm at 4 500 rpm
- Transmission: 5-speed manual, RWD
- Weight: 1 470 kg
- 0-100 kph: 4.8 sec (claimed)
- Top Speed: 280 kph (claimed)
However, the engine size increased to 3.6 litres in the Turbo II (still 964), with most parts based on the new M64/01 engine being used in the rest of the 911 range. The air-cooled M64/50 engine of this 911 Turbo used new pistons, and boost pressure was increased from 0.82 to 0.92 bar by simply placing a stronger spring in the wastegate. As a result, Porsche was able to bump the power up from 235 kW (in the 3.3-litre) to 265 kW, and as such, the 964 doesn’t suffer from quite as much turbo lag as the 930.
You notice the 1st mechanical difference between the 911 (964) Turbo and its predecessor immediately – the slick and direct G50 5-speed ‘box dispenses with the 930’s loose and vague shift sensation.
The seats are electrically adjustable too, and with little effort, I can move into the perfect driving position. With a lower seating position, you immediately feel more in control of the car than in the 911 (930) Turbo.
Of the 3 cars in this group, the 964 has the most supportive seats. Maybe it is because of the originality of the seats (allied with regular use), but the driver sinks far enough into the chair itself, while the side bolsters protrude more than in the other 2 Turbos. The upright window gives you a good view and, as is the case in the 930, the iconic headlights help the driver to direct the car perfectly through corners.
Yes, it does feel a tad more modern than the pioneering 930, but moreover, the steering wheel feeds the driver a good level of information from the road. Turn-in is good, but no, it’s not as crisp as in the 993.
Make no mistake: the 964 is no less challenging to drive than the 930. Also, the twitchy rear-wheel-drive setup means that if you want to drive one of these to its very limit, you’d better be handy at the ‘wheel.
993-series 911 Turbo
Type-993 yielded the final iteration of the air-cooled Porsche 911 Turbo, but it was a game-changer and a technological conqueror. Revealed at the 1996 Geneva Motor Show, this model introduced 4-wheel-drive to the 911 Turbo range for the first time, a drivetrain we experience in the 911 Turbo to this day.
Specifications:
- Model: 1996 Porsche 911 (993) Turbo
- Engine: 3.6-litre flat-6 turbopetrol
- Power: 265 kW at 5 500 rpm
- Torque: 540 Nm at 4 500 rpm
- Transmission: 5-speed manual, RWD
- Weight: 1 470 kg
- 0-100 kph: 4.8 sec (claimed)
- Top Speed: 280 kph (claimed)
Some purists suggest AWD spoils the spirit of the 911 Turbo, but it undoubtedly improves roadholding! Implementing twin low-inertia turbos for the first time, the M64/60 engine gained 35 kW over the 964’s, and because it could send torque to all wheels, the 911 (993) Turbo became a true all-weather supercar.
The yellow car, powered by the more “vigorous” 336 kW engine, also features stiffer suspension and the 993 GT2’s exhaust system. It has noticeably wider exhaust tips and a harsh, raspy and metallic sound as you it barrels through the rev range. This increase in power over the standard 300 kW comes from, inter alia, bigger intercoolers and turbos, while the engine management system has also been modified.
The later 997- and even 996-series 911 Turbos are renowned for their analogue-like driving experiences, but from behind the 911 (993) Turbo’s 4-spoke steering wheel, that feeling is even more pronounced.
First, the 6-speed ‘box has a similar action to the 964’s. It snaps perfectly into each slot. In 1st gear, the rev needle swings into the red so quickly that, in 2nd, I watch the needle closely until it kisses 7 000 rpm.
This upgraded engine makes its sheer performance felt in every gear. With so little turbo-lag, you quickly realise there’s no need to wait for the kick from the engine, as it is available almost immediately – an impressive feat for a 25-year-old car!
As rain begins to fall in the beautiful Winelands region and the road becomes increasingly greasy, the 4-wheel-drive 911 (993) Turbo feels like the best and safest option of the 3 Porsches – or so I thought.
After 20 minutes of marveling at how the 993’s rear wing melts over those fat hips in the side-view mirrors, I pull away from the traffic lights with zeal. I use the best part of 6 000 rpm in 2nd, before hooking into 3rd. Then, for a brief moment, all 4 wheels break traction before I lift off the throttle…
The moral is that despite the aid of 4-wheel drive, the 911 (993) Turbo can still be lethal in the wrong hands. Like its 964 and 930 predecessors, utmost care must be exercised when behind the wheel, especially in low-grip conditions.
Summary
This “tricky at, and even close to, the limit” nature feels anachronistic in an era when most cars have several electronic gizmos (many of which are for safety) and automatic (PDK) is increasingly seen as the obvious choice. Indeed, these air-cooled cars couldn’t be further removed from today’s advanced 911s.
It is sometimes difficult to evaluate each of these air-cooled Porsche 911 Turbos in isolation. But drive them back-to-back, and you quickly realise why the 911 Turbo still sits at the apex of Zuffenhausen’s volume-produced 911 range – and why it (and its S sibling) are the only 911s to bear the Turbo suffix.
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